If you’re considering in vitro fertilization (IVF), you might be wondering: Is it safe? While IVF is a well-established and widely used fertility treatment, like any medical procedure, it comes with potential risks and side effects. Understanding these risks can help you make informed decisions and take steps to minimize complications.

Common Side Effects of IVF

Most side effects of IVF are mild and temporary, related to fertility medications and egg retrieval. They may include:

• Bloating and mild abdominal pain due to ovarian stimulation.
• Mood swings from hormone fluctuations.
• Breast tenderness and headaches from medications.
• Fatigue related to hormonal changes.

These symptoms typically resolve on their own after treatment.

Potential Risks of IVF

While serious complications are rare, it’s important to be aware of possible risks:

• Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHSS):
  • Some women develop an excessive response to fertility drugs, causing swollen ovaries, fluid retention, and nausea.
  • In severe cases (rare), it may require medical attention.
• Multiple Pregnancy:
  • If more than one embryo is transferred, the chance of twins or triplets increases.
  • Multiple pregnancies carry higher risks of premature birth and low birth weight.
• Ectopic Pregnancy:
  • In about 2-5% of IVF cases, an embryo implants outside the uterus, usually in the fallopian tube. This requires medical intervention.
• Long-Term Health Considerations:
  • Studies on long-term health effects for IVF-conceived children are ongoing. So far, most research shows that IVF babies are just as healthy as naturally conceived children.

How to Minimize IVF Risks

• Work with an experienced fertility clinic that carefully monitors your treatment.
• Opt for elective single embryo transfer (eSET) to reduce the risk of multiples.
• Stay hydrated and avoid excessive activity to prevent OHSS.
• Discuss any pre-existing health conditions with your doctor before starting IVF.

Key Takeaway

IVF is a safe and effective fertility treatment, but it’s important to be aware of potential risks. Your fertility specialist can help create a personalized plan to maximize success while minimizing complications.

Source:
Sunkara, S.K., et al. "Complications and risks of assisted reproductive technology: A systematic review." Fertility and Sterility, vol. 114, no. 5, 2020, pp. 889-900. DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.07.003